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PmXnhyhØbpsS {IqcXbmWv lnµpaXw Dt]£n¨p _p²aXw kzoIcn¡phm³ tUm. Awt_ZvIsd t{]cn¸n¨Xv. Awt_Zv¡dpsS AtX am\knImhØbmWv lnµpaXw Dt]£n¨p {InkvXpaXw kzoIcn¡m\pw, CÉmwaXw kzoIcn¡m\psams¡ Xmgv¶ PmXn¡msc t{]cn¸n¨ncp¶Xv. hdN«nbn \n¶pw FcnXobnte¡pÅ FSp¯pNm«w am{XamWv aXwamä§Ä. aXwamäw H¶n\pw ]cnlmcamIp¶nà F¶Xnsâ DZmlcWamWv, PmXnbpsS ]oU\§fn \n¶pÅ apàn Imw£n¨v {InkvXpaXw kzoIcn¨ ZfnXcpsS A\p`h§Ä. lnµpaX¯n \n¶ncps¶¦n  e`n¡pambncp¶ kwhcW¯nsâ B\pIqeyw AhÀ¡p \jvSs¸«p F¶Xp am{XaÃ, amdnb {InkvXpaX¯n¯ s¶ PmXnhn`P\w cq]s¸SpI bpw "]pXp{InkvXym\nIÄ F s¶mcp hn`mKwXs¶ cq]s¸SpIbpw NbvXp. ]pebcpw, ]dbcpw, BZnhmknIfpaS§p¶ ZfnXvss{IkvXh sc a\ÊpsIm­pw {]hr¯nsIm­pw AIän\nÀ ¯pIbpw shdp¡pIbpamWv BVy{InkvXym\nIÄ.  `mcX¯n {InkvXpaXw F¯n¨Xv skâv tXmakv Bbncp¶nÃ; ]mÝm Xy anj\dnamÀ Xs¶bmbncp¶p. tbip{InkvXp Ncn{X]pcpj\Ã, cmat\bpw IrjvWt\bpw t]mse Hcp CXnlmk IYm]m{Xw am{XamWv. CXnlmksa¶Xv Ncn{XaÃ. an¯pIsf Ncn{Xam¡p¶Xv hfsc hfsc A]ISIcamWv. B[p\nI {InkvXpaXhpw ln µpaXhpsams¡ \ap¡p \ Ip¶ A\p`h]mT§fpaXmWv. anjWdnamÀ tIcf¯n {InkvXpaXw F¯n¡p¶Xn \pw hfsc ap¼pXs¶ F.Un. 345 kndnb¡mcmb 472 {In kvXob IpSpw_§Ä sImSp§ÃqÀ ]«W¯n IpSntbdn¸mÀ¡pIbpw, A¶p tIcfw `cn¨ncp¶ tNcam³ s]cpamÄ ChÀ¡v Nne {]tXyI ]ZhnIfpw AhImi§fpsams¡ A\phZn¨p \ÂIpIbpap­mbn. ChcpsS ]cn{ia^eambn PmXobamb AhiXIÄ A\p`hn¨ncp¶ ]ecpw {InkvXpaX¯nte¡p tNt¡dn F¶XmWp kXyw. tXmamÉolm tIcf¯n h¶p \¼qXncnamsc aXwamän F¶Xv \¼qXncn ({_mÒW)amtcmSpÅ PmXn`ànbpsS {]IS\]cXbmWv. tXmamÉolm tIcf¯n h¶n«nÃ. \¼qXncnamÀ PmXnbn Fs´ms¡tbm ta·bpÅhcmsW¶ anYym[mcWbmWv X§fpw \¼qXncnamÀ amÀ ¤wIqSnbhtcm, AhcpsS ]n´pSÀ¨¡mtcm BsW¶p hcp¯n¯oÀ¡m³ {InkvXym\nIsf t{]cn¸n¨Xv. 16þmw \qäm­phsc tIcf¯n \SamSnbncp¶Xv \¼qXncncmPv BWv. cmPm¡·mÀ t]mepw \¼qXncnamcpsS CwKnXw A\pkcn¨mWv {]hÀ¯n¨ncp¶Xv. FÃmhn[ kpJt`mKkuIcy§fpw A\p`hn¨p Pohn¨ncp¶ \¼qXncnamÀ H«pwXs¶ BIÀjWobaÃm¯ þ "[\hm³ kzÀ¤cmPy¯n {]thin¡p¶Xv, H«Iw kqNn¡pgbneqsS IS¡p¶Xpt]msebmWv F¶p]tZin¡p¶þ{InkvXpaX¯n tNcm³ hgnbnÃ.  XncphnXmwIqdn DbÀ¶ PmXn¡mÀ¡p aXwamdp¶Xn hne¡p­mbncp¶p. amÀ¯mÞhÀ½bpsS Ime¯v \oeIWvT³ tZhZmk³ F¶bmÄ {InkvXpaXw kzoIcn¨Xnsâ t]cn ]oUn¸n¡s¸«p sImÃs¸SpIbp­mbn. ]s¯m¼Xmw iXI¯n ChnsSsb¯n ]T\§Ä \S¯nb _p¡m\t\mSv (Claudius Buchanan) IpµwIpf¯pImc³ I ¯\mÀ, (Christian Researches in Asis) Cughcpw \mb·mcpaÃmsX {InkvXpaXw kzoIcn¡phm³ \¼qXncnamtcm apÉo§tfm X¿mdmbncp¶nà F¶m Wv ]dªn«pÅXv. PmXn{`jvSv I¸n¡s¸« \¼qXncnamÀ Hcp]t£ {In kvXpaXw kzoIcn¨ncn¡mw. amwkw `£n¨Xnsâ t]cnepw A´ÀÖ\§fpambpÅ "AhnlnX _Ô¯nsâ t]cnepsams¡ Ht«sd \¼qXncnamÀ kapZmb¯n \n¶pw ]pdwXÅs¸«ncp¶p. 1914 kmhn{XnA´ÀÖ\¯nsâ kvamÀ¯hnNmc¯n "km[\ hpambn _Ôw ]peÀ ¯nsb¶p sXfnª 65 \¼qXncnamsc HäbSn¡p ]pd¯m¡nb Ncn{Xw hnJymXamWtÃm. C¯c¯n ]pd¯m¡s¸« hà \¼qXncnamcpw Hcp]t£ {In kvXpaXw kzoIcn¨ncn¡mw. 1291 tPm¬tams´sImÀhot\m F¶ bqtdm]y³ anjWdn C ´ybn hcnIbpw ]e Øe§fnepw Xmakn¨v \qdne[nIw BfpIsf {InkvXpaX¯nte¡p tNÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v. ]n¶oSv \qdpIW¡n\p anjWdnamÀ ZfnXcpsSbpw BZnhmknIfpsSbpsams¡ CSbn A hcpsS c£Icmbn Na ªpw AhÀ¡v NnInÕ bpw `£Whpw XmakkuIcyhpsams¡ hm KvZm\w sNbvXpw \ Inbpw [mcmfamfpIsf aX]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿n ¨p F¶XmWv kXyw. "hni¡p¶hsâ ap¼n ssZhw A¸¯nsâ cq]¯n {]Xy£s¸SWw F¶ hnthIm\µkq àw lnµpaX¯n\dnbm sX t]mbt¸mÄ, anjWdnamÀ AXnkaÀ°ambn AXv a\Ênem¡n {]tbmKn¨p.  {InkvXpaXw kam[m\¯nsâ aXambn«mWv anjWdnamcpw ]ptcmlnXcpsams¡ AhXcn¸n¡mdpÅsX¦nepw kXyaXÃ. blqZaX¯nÂ\n¶pamWv {In kvXpaXhpw CÉmapsams¡ cq]s¸Sp¶Xv. "kam[m\w \ÂIphm\Ã, hmfpIÄ hnXdphm\mWv Xm ³ h¶ncn¡p¶sX¶mWv ss_ _nfnse IYm]m{Xhpw {InkvXym\nIfpsS hoc\mbI\p (ssZhw)amb {InkvXp ]dbp¶Xv. "AÃmlpthmSpw Ahsâ ZqXt\mSpw t]mcmSpIbpw `qanbn Ipg¸ap­m¡m³ {ian¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ¡pÅ {]Xn^ew AhÀ sIm s¶mSp¡s¸SpItbm, {Iqin¡s¸SpItbm, AhcpsS ssIIfpw Im epIfpw FXnÀhi§fn \n¶mbn apdn¨pIfbs¸SpItbm, \mSpIS¯s¸SpItbm sN¿pI am{XamIp¶p. AXhÀ¡v CltemI¯pÅ A]am\amIp¶p. ]ctemI¯v AhÀ¡v I \¯ in£bpap­mbncn¡pw. (JpÀB³ 5:33). (CX\pkcn¨mWv s{]m^. Sn.sP. tPmk^nsâ heXpI¿pw CSXpImepw sh«namänbXv). {InkvXpaXhpw CÉmapw `oIcXbpsS Imcy¯n tN«m\nb·mcmWv.  It¯men¡m k`bn ChnsS \nch[n Ahm´c hn`mK§fp­mbXv Bib]camb hyXykvXsIm­Ã, hyànXmev]cy§Ä kwc£n¡m³ th­n am{XamWv. 1930 amÀ Chm\ntbmkv HmÀ¯tUmIvkv k`hn«p It¯men¡m k`bn tNÀ¶XmWv ae¦c It¯men¡m k` cq]wsImÅm³ ImcWw. ]p¯³ IqäpImÀ F ¶pw ]gb IqäpImÀ F¶pw thÀ]ncnªtijw, ]p¯³ IqäpImsc \bn¨Xpw amÀt¯m½m F¶ \maw kzoIcn¨ BÀ¨pUo¡\mbncp¶p. amÀt¯m½m k`bn \n¶pw 1961 imJ ]ncnª Hcp hn`mKamWv sk âv tXmakv Chm©en¡Â NÀ¨v Hm ^v C´y. 1836 hsc bmt¡m_m k`bn AwKambncp¶hcpw, amthen¡c kn\Un bmt¡m_mbk` ]m {XobmÀ¡oknt¶mSp hnt[bXzw {] Jym]n¨t¸mÄ, ]pd¯ph¶hcpamWv NÀ¨v Hm^v ku¯v C´y (kn.Fkv.sF)¡mÀ. bmt¡m_mb, amÀt¯m½, kn.Fkv.sF. XpS§nb hn`mK§fnemWv ]pXpXmbn amÀ¤w IqSnb ZfnXÀ IqSpXembpw DÄs¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. hnZym`ymk]cambpw km¼¯nIambpw C ¶pw hfsctbsd AhiXIÄ A\p`hn¡p¶hcmWv ZfnXv ss{IkvXhÀ.  \yq\]£mhImi¯nsâ t]cn {InkvXy³ amt\Pv saâpIÄ tI{µþkwØm\ kÀ¡mcpIfn \n¶pw Iq SpX IqSpX B\pIqey§Ä hnet]in hm§p¶ps­¦nepw AXnsâ Hcp ^ ehpw ZfnXv ss{IkvXhÀ ¡p e`n¡p¶nà F¶XmWv k Xyw. k`bnse ]mhs¸«hs\ D²cn¡eà aX¯nsâ e£yw. Imct¡mWw cq]X am{Xaà tIcf¯n se FÃm cq]XIfpw AhcpsS hn Zymeb§fnse A²ym]I\nba\¯n\v ]Xn\©p e£w apX Ccp]¯©p e£w hsc tImg hm§p¶p­v. sadntäm kmaqlnI ]n¶m¡mhØtbm H¶pw C¡mcy¯n _m[IaÃ. saUn¡Â tImtfPpIfnse amt\Pvsaâv koäpIÄ¡v ]Xn\©p apX A¼Xp e£w hscbmWv Xehcn¸Ww. ^okv {]XnhÀ jw A©p apX At©Im e £w thsdbpw.  `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 30s\ sXämbn hymJym\n¨mWv {InkvXy³ þapÉow aX§Ä CXv km[n¡p¶Xv. C´ybnse bYmÀ° \yq\]£§fmb _p²aX¡mÀ¡pw ssP\aX¡mÀ¡pw kn¡pImÀ¡pw ]mgvknIÄ¡psam¶panà Cu B\pIqey§Ä. `mjm\yq\]£amb "sIm¦n Wn IÄ¡p t]mepw Cu B\pIqeyanÃ. `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 30 Right of mirorities to establish and administer educational institutions 1) All minorities, whether based religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. 2) The state shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of minority, whether based on religion or language F¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. Hcp atXXc cmPyamb `mcX¯n `mjm\yq\]£§Ä¡pw aX\yq\]£§Ä¡pw AhcpsS A`ojvS{]ImcapÅ hnZym`ymk Øm]\§Ä s]m XphnZym`ymk Øm]\§fÃ. s]mXphnZym`ym kw kÀ¡mcnsâ _m[yXbmWv þ AhImiamWv. aX¯n\v, kne_kv cq]oIcW¯nepw s]mXphnZym`ymk¯nsâ Imcy¯nepw HchImihpanÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯n th Ww BÀ«n¡nÄ 30s\ hnebncp¯m³. `mjm\yq\]£§Ä¡v `mjmhnZym`ymk Øm]\§ fpw aX\yq\]£§Ä¡v aXhnZym`ymk Øm]\§fpw \S¯m\pÅ AhImiamWv `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 30 Dd¸p\ÂIp¶Xv. CXns\ sXämbn hymJym\n¨v kaqls¯ sImÅbSn¡m³ H¯mi sNbvXXv kp{]owtImSXnbpw tI{µkÀ¡mcpamWv. `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 30s\ aXhnZym`ymkØm]\§ Ä \S¯m\pÅ AhImiamWv, AÃmsX s]mXphnZym`ymk Øm]\§Ä \S¯m\pÅ AhImiaà F¶ coXnbn icnbmbn hymJym\n¨p \ÂtI­ _m[yX tI{µkÀ¡mcn \pw tkmfnknäÀ P\den epw AtämÀWn P\den\pw D­mbncp¶p. AhcXv sN ¿msX aX{]oW\w \S¯nbXnsâ ]cnWX^eamWv \man¶\p`hn¡p¶Xv.  \yq\]£mhImi¯n sâ t]cn aXw X«nsbSp¡p¶ B \pIqey§Ä {InkvXpaX¯nse ]n ¶m¡¡mÀs¡¦nepw e`n¡p¶p t­m F¶v tI{µþkwØm\ kÀ ¡mcpIfpw kp{]owtImSXnbpsam s¡ \mfnXphsc ]cntim[n¨n«p t­m? aX¯nsâbpw `mjbpsSbpw PmXnbpsSbpw hwi¯nsâbpsams¡ t]cnepÅ \yq\]£mhImi§Ä FSp¯pIfbs¸SWw. AXn\mbn `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 30 Xs¶ amänsbgpXWw. PmXnkwhcWw PmXn \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw IqSpX IqSpX ZrVam¡pIbpamWv sN¿p¶Xv. ]Xnaq¶p hÀj¡met¯¡p am{Xambn hn`mh\w sNbvX kwhcWw ImemIme§fmbn ]¯pw Ccp]Xpw hÀj§Ä hoXw \o«n\o«n \msahnsShscsb¯n? F¶ns«´p KpWamWv ]n¶m¡¡mc\p­mbXv? km¼¯nIambn Chsc D²cn¡Wsa¦n km¼¯nI kwhcWw Xs¶ \S¸m¡Ww. PmXnkwhcWwsIm­p c£s¸Sp¶Xv ambmhXnbpw apembwknwKpw emep{]kmZv bmZhpsams¡bmWv; AÃmsX km¼¯nI ]n¶m¡mhØ A\p`hn¡p¶ _lp`qcn]£w hcp¶ ]n¶m¡¡mcÃ. km ¼¯nIambn ]n¶m¡w \n¡p¶ h\mIWw kwhcWw.  * AhnlnX_Ôw F¶ H¶nÃ.