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hnPbZian: kmXznIhnip²nbpw £{Xnbhn{Iahpw

\·bv¡pw [À½¯n\pamWv BXy´nI hnPbsa¶ ]cakXy¯nsâ {]Jym]\amWv hnPbZian BtLmjw. `mcXamkIew Cu DÕhw ]e t]cpIfnembn sIm­mSn hcp¶p. D¯c`mcX¯n ZkdbmsW¦n tIcf¯n AXv hnZymcw`¯nsâ BtLmjamWv. tZhnsb e£vanbmbpw kckzXnbmbpw ZpÀKbmbpw ]qPn¡p¶ khntijkµÀ`w. [\kar²nbpw hnZymk¼¶Xbpw {Inbmss\]pWyhpamWtÃm Hcp hyàn¡mbmepw kamP¯n\mbmepw kmÀ°Iambn Pohn¡m³ th­ A\nhmcyamb KpW§Ä. CXntesX¦nepw H¶p Ipdªpt]mbm PohnXw ZpcnX]qÀ®amIpw. AXpsIm­v `mcXobÀ A\mZnImew apXse [mÀ½nIamb [\mÀÖ\¯nepw Úm\k¼mZ\¯nepw IÀ½¯nsâ ]cn]qÀ®Xbnepw Dd¨p hnizkn¨p t]m¶p.  hnZymÀ°nIfpsSbpw hnZym`ymk {]hÀ¯\¯n GÀs¸«n«pÅ BfpIfpsSbpw PohnX¯n hnPbZian BtLmj¯n\v khntij Øm\amWv DÅXv. B´cip²oIcW¯neqsS ]qÀ®Xbnse¯pI F¶ hnZym`ymk¯nsâ e£yhpambn Gähpw ASp¯p\n¡p¶XmWv hnPbZian DÄs¡mÅp¶ XXzw.  hnPbZianbpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯n Ht«sd sFXnly§Ä \nehnep­v. AXn Gähpw {][m\s¸«Xv alnjmkpc aÀ±\¯n\mbpÅ ZpÀKmhXmc IYbmWv. ZoÀLImes¯ X]Ênsâ ^eambn e`n¨ hc_ehpambn {XntemIhpw AS¡n hmgphm³ Cd§n ]pds¸« BkpcnIiànsb CÃmXm¡m³ BWv tZhn AhXcn¨Xv. B AhXmc¯nsâ IY At\Iw XXz§Ä \s½ ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. ]eXmbn AI¶p\n¶ ssZhnI iànIfpsS kwtbmP\¯neqsS BWv ZpÀK kw`qXbmIp¶Xv. {XnaqÀ¯nIfpw aäpÅ ap¸¯napt¡mSn tZhXIfpw X§fpsS Znhykn²nIsf Hcp _nµphnte¡v tI{µoIcn¡p¶p. AhnsS AhXoÀ®bm¡p¶ knwlhml\bmb tZhn H¼Xv Znhks¯ \nc´cbp²¯nsâ Ahkm\w ]¯mw Znhkw alnjmkpcs\ h[n¡p¶p. A[À½¯nsâ I\¯ AÔImcw \o§n [À½¯nsâ kqcy\pZn¡pIbmbn.  iànkzcq]nWnbmb tZhnsb Bcm[n¡pt¼mÄ \mw kvacnt¡­ kp{][m\ XXzw kZviànIsf GIoIcn¨m am{Xsa hnPbn¡m\mhq F¶XmWv. AXv c­p Xe§fnepw km[nXamIWw. hyànbpsS DÅnse \à KpW§sfÃmw DWcpIbpw GIm{Kambn {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ AbmÄ hnPbn¡pw. AtXt]mse kaql¯nse \·bpsS {]Xn\n[nIÄ Hcpan¡pIbpw GIXtbmsS IÀ½\ncXcmhpIbpw thWw. At¸mÄ am{Xsa B kaqlw sFizcys¯bpw \nXyhnPbs¯bpw t\SpIbpÅq.  B´cnIhpw _mlyhpamb kZviànIfpsS GIoIcW¯n\mbpÅ X]Ênsâ ImeL«amWv \hcm{XnbptSXv. \nc´chpw Xo{hhpamb km [\bpsS ^eambn am{Xsa hnPbap­mhpIbpÅq F¶ ktµiamWv hnPbZian \ÂIp¶Xv. al¯camb Cu kwLmS\¯nsâbpw kwkvIcW¯nsâbpw ]ca]hn{Xamb Bibs¯ kmÀ°Iam¡pIbmbncp¶p 1925se hnPbZian Znhkw kwLØm]\sa¶ hninjvS IÀ½¯neqsS tUmIvSÀ slUvtKhmÀ. Hmtcm hyànbnepw ss\kÀKnIam bn«pÅ ssZhnIiànsb tbmKyamb kwLhnZy ]IÀ¶v DWÀ¯n FSp¡pIbpw AXns\ cmjv{S¯nsâ ]cassh`hsa¶ BXy´nI e£y¯nte¡v k¶nthin¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pI F¶ imJmImcy¯nsâ AÀ°Xes¯ Cu ]cnt{]£y¯nemWv \nco£nt¡­Xv. A§s\ DZm¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶ hyàn k¯bpÅhcpsS tNcpw]SnbpÅ tNÀ¨bpsS t]cmWv cmjv{SobkzbwtkhIkwLw.  kao]Ime¯p \S¶ AgnaXn hn cp² kacs¯ Cu ho£WtImWneqsS hnebncp¯p¶Xv \¶mbncn¡pw. A®mlkmscsb hnaÀin¡p¶ I]S_p²nPohnIÄ¡v H«pw ]ªanÃm¯ \mSmWv \½p sS tIcfw. A¯c¡mcpsS {]XnIcW§fpw {] kvXmh\Ifpw hmbn¨m tXm¶pI lkmsc F§p\nt¶m Ipd¨p\mfpIÄ¡pap¼p am{Xw s]mSp¶\th s]m«nhoW {]Xn`mkamsW¶mWv. B ImgvN¸mSv sh¨v aWn¸qcnse {]tXyI ]«mf\nba¯ns\Xnsc kacw sN¿p¶ Ctdmw jÀ½nfbv¡v lkmscbv¡v In«nb P\Iob ]n´pW e`nbv¡m¯Xns\¡pdn¨v ]cnX]n¡mdpap­v. Cu {Iqcamb XmcXay¯nsâ AXy´w lo\ ]ZmhenIfn \n¶pw _lpZqc¯nemWv kXyw. A®bptSXv hÀj§Ä \o­p\n¶ Xt]m\njvTamb Hcp PohnXamWv. ssk\nItkh\¯neqsS Bcw`n¨v {Kmatkh\¯neqsS hfÀ¶v B´cip²oIcW km[\bneqsS iàn BÀÖn¨XmWv B tbmKnbpsS PohnXw. GXp {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ hnPb¯n\pw th­Xv DZm¯amb e £yhpw AXp t\Sm\pÅ ip²amb amÀKhpamWv. AXmWv km[mcW P\§sf Ccp¯n Nn´n¸n¨Xpw A[nImc ZpÀK§sf hndsImÅn¨Xpamb lkmsc kac¯nsâ kmXznIamb DÅS¡w.  hnPbZianbpambn _Ôs¸« asämcp {][m\ ]ucmWnI kw`hw {iocmasâ bp²hnPbamWv. almià\mbncp¶ cmhWsâ Akpc¸Ssb IS IS¶p sN¶v hm\c¸SbpsS klmbt¯msS {iocma³ ap¨qSpw CÃmXm¡n, Ahkm\w cmhWs\bpw h[n¨v hnPb{ioemfnX\mhp¶Xv Cu Zn\¯nembncp¶p. [À½hpw A[À½hpw X½nepÅ Gäpap«ensâbpw {iocmaPb¯n Iemin¡p¶ tLmcbp²¯nsâbpw IY \ap¡v Nne ]mT§Ä ]dªp Xcp¶p­v. kmXznIamb {Inbmkn²nbps­¦n Bbp[_ew IpdhmsW¦n t]mepw hnPbn¡m\mhpw F¶XmWv AXnse H¶mas¯ ]m Tw. kz`mh ip²ntbmSpIqSnb IÀ½tijnt¡ AÀ°apÅq. cmhWs\t]mse Bbp[_ehpw BÄ_ehpw bp²]cnÚm\hpw aämÀ¡pw A¶nÃmbncp¶p. ]s£ CsXÃmw D­mbn«pw cmhW\v BXy´nI hnPbw e`n¨nÃ. AXv acymZm ]pcptjm¯a\mb {iocma\mWv In«nbXv, ImcWw At±lw iàntbmsSm¸w ip²nbpsSbpw \ndIpSambncp¶p. temIw apgph³ \an¡m³ t]m¶ kpioeap­mbncp¶XpsIm­mWv At±l¯n\Xv km[n¨Xv.  {iocmaIYbn A´À`hn¨n«pÅXpw hÀ¯am\Ime¯v Gsd {]kàambXpamb aäp Nne hi§Ä IqSnbp­v. AXn H¶mat¯Xv Xsâ ]cnanXnIfn HXp§n IqSmsX koaIsf ewLn¨v ]cm{Ias¯ AhiykµÀ`§fn {]ISn¸n¡Wsa¶XmWv. {iocma³ sN bvXXv AXmWv. [À½hnPb¯n\mbn At±lw Bßhnizmkt¯msS X sâ AXnÀ¯nbpw ewLn¨v apt¶dn. Xt¶msSm¸w hm\c·mÀ am{Xsa DsÅt¶m AhÀ¡v B[p\nImbp[§fpsS ]n³_eansÃt¶m Hs¡bpÅ A]IÀjX At±l¯nsâ _p²nsb sXÃpw Xo­nbnÃ. [À½¯nepÅ ZrVamb hnizmkhpw hnPbn¡psa¶ D¯aamb Bßss[cyhpw AXn\pth­n ]cnanXnIsf ewLn¨p at¶dm\pÅ XtâShpw kwtbmPn¨t¸mÄ {iocmaPbw kw`hn¨p. i{Xphns\ IogS¡m³ kap{ZewL\w \S¯nb cma sâ ]n·pd¡mcmWtÃm ]n¡me¯v IS sXmSp¶Xv t]mepw ]m]amsW¶ AÔhnizm kw t]dn kzbw ]cmPbtaäv hm§nbsX¶v HmÀ ¡pI.  bp²X{´]camb Hcp {]m[m\yw IqSn {iocma NcnX¯n\p­v. AXpw th­pwh®w DÄs¡mÅm³ `cWIÀ¯m¡Ä X¿mdmhm¯Xnsâ ^eambn \ap¡v hogvN ]änbn«p­v. "bp²w \St¡­Xv i{Xphnsâ a®nem sW¶ XXzw cmambW¯n \n ¶v DÄs¡mtÅ­XmWv. {iocma³ cmhW`qanbn sN ¶mWv bp²w sNbvXXv. Imivaocnepw ssN\okv AXnÀ¯nbnepsams¡ \ap¡v ]änt¸mb ]nghv Cu bp²X{´w \S¸nem¡m¯XmWv.  tZimÀXnÀ¯nIfn kw`hn¨psIm­ncn¡p ¶ IS¶pIbä§fpsS bpw AXn{Ia§fpsSbpw ]Ým¯e¯nepw hnPbZianbpsS ktµis¯ hnebncpt¯­XmWv. tIm«bv¡pÅn HXp§n¡qSp¶ `ocphnsâ kao]\aà temIt\XrXz¯nte¡v apt¶td­ Hcp cm jv{S¯n\pth­Xv. ]cnanXnIsf Xncn¨dnbWsa ¶Xv kXyamsW¦nepw kz´w ]pcpjmÀ°w sIm­v AXns\ AXnPohn¡m³ km[n¡Ww. {iocma³ i{Xphnsâ a ®nte¡v kss[cyw IS ¶psNÃpIbmbncp¶p, Hcp hntPXmhnsâ `mhlmhmZnItfmsS. C¶ s¯ cmjv{St\Xm¡sf t]mse bmNIsâ icoc`mjtbmsS hntZikZÊpIfn \Sphf¨mbncp¶nà At± lw \nesIm­Xv. \nc´cw AXnÀ ¯n ISs¶¯ns¡m­ncn¡p¶ i {XpcmPy§tfmSp t]mepw ]cmPnXsct]mse tIgp¶ \s«ÃnÃmbva¡v cm jv{Ss¯ c£n¡m\mhnÃ. knwlmcqVbmb tZhn alnjmkpcsâ km {amPy¯nse¯nbXv, "tImSntImSn IWvT\n\mZIcmf bmbn«mWv. ko tamÃwL\w sNbvsX¯nb B tLm cm«lmkw BkpcnIXsb BZyw Xs¶ a\ximkv{X]cambn IogS¡n. P½pImivaocnepw hS¡pIng¡³ taJebnepsams¡ i{Xp¡Ä \S¯p¶ ssIt¿ä§sf I­nsöp Å \mSyw \s½ sIm­p sNs¶¯n¡phm³ t]mIp¶Xv `oIcamb a sämcp hn`P\¯nte¡mbncn¡pw.  `cWm[nImcnIÄ ]n´pStc­Xv C hnsS kqNn¸n¨ c­p `mh§tfbpw Hcpt]mse {]Xn\n[m\w sNbvX {io cmas\bmWv. cmacmPyambncn¡Ww \½psS amXrIsb¶ KmÔnhmIyw ho­pw HmÀ¡pI. kmXznI hnip²n bpw £{Xnb hn{Iahpw kt½fn¨m te \ap¡v hnPbn¡m\mhq. cmPym`ntjI¯te¶v Im«nte¡v t]mIm\pÅ XmXm\pÚsb \nkwKXtbm sS A\pkcn¨ {iocma³ Xs¶bmWv aqt¶ap¡m \mgnIsIm­v Jc`qjWmZnIsf Ime]pcn¡b¨Xpw `q ansb \nimNclo\am¡m³ tImZÞhpambn IS IS¶p apt¶dnb Xpw.  A`ntjImÀ°w Hcp¡nsh¨ A kwJyw Iei§fnse XoÀ°Pew Xs¶ Im\\hmk {hXamcw`n¡m\pÅ kv\m\IÀ½§Ä¡v D]tbmKn¡msa¶ Nn´sb sXm«Sp¯ \n anjw kzbw Xncp¯p¶ cmas\ A Xnat\mlcambn Nn{XoIcn¡p¶ hm ÂaoIn `cWIÀ¯m¡fpsS IÀ½w \nba]cambn am{Xw icnbmbm t]mc, [mÀ½nIambpw icnbmbncn¡Wsa¶ ktµiamWv temI¯n\v \ÂIp¶Xv. F´psIm­v Iei§fnse Peap]tbmKn¨pIqSm, Ahbn cmP{Zhyw (km[mcW ]ucP\§Ä¡p IqSn AhImis¸« s]m XpJP\mhnse k¼s¯¶À°w) AS§nbn«pÅXv sIms­¶mbncp ¶p {iocmabpàn. sXcsªSp¡s¸Sp¶tXmsS km[mcW P\§fpambpÅ _Ôapt]£n¨v GXphnt[\bpw ]Wap­m¡Wsa¶ AXymkàntbmsS s]mXp [\w sImÅb Sn¡p¶ t\XrhÀKw Cu IYIÄ ] Tn¨v kzbw amdnsb¦n F¶min ¡mw.