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`mcX¯nsâ {][m\a{´n ]Z¯n\v B Øm\¯nsâ Kuchhpw, A´Êpw DmbXv ASÂ_nlmcn hmPvt]bn B ]Zhn Ae¦cn¨ Bdp hÀj¡me¯mbncp¶psh¶Xv, cmjv{SobcwKs¯ At±l¯nsâ FXncmfnIÄ t]mepw kzImcyambn k½Xn¡p¶ hkvXpXbmIp¶p. temIcmjv{S kap¨b¯n `mcX¯nsâ incÊv Gähpw DbÀ¶p\n¶Xpw A¡me¯mbncp¶p. 20 hÀjw sImv AXmbXv 2020þmwammIpt¼mtg¡pw `mcXs¯ temI¯nse Gähpw ap³]´nbnepÅ km¼¯nIþ ssk\nI, iànbm¡n¯oÀ¡m³ Ignbpsa¶ Bßhnizmkw hmPvt]bn \ÂIn. 20 hÀjt¯¡pÅ hnIk\]cnt{]£yw FÃm cwK§fnepw At±lw sImph¶p. At±l¯nsâ DÕml¯n cmjv{S]XnØm\w GsäSp¯ tUm. F.]n.sP. A_vZpÄIemamIs« Hmtcm kwØm\w kµÀin¡pt¼mgpw 20 hÀjt¯bv¡pÅ hnImk AP AhÀ¡p \ÂIpambncp¶p. tIcf\nbak`sb A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXpsImv tUm. Iemw sNbvX {]kwKw ]Xnhv hmNmtSm]¯n \n¶p hyXykvXambn tIcf¯nsâ hnIk\¯n\mbpÅ hÀjImcy]²Xnbmbncp¶psh¶p \ap¡v HmÀ¡mw. A¡mcy¯n {][m\a{´nbpw, cmjv{S]Xnbpw IehdbnÃm¯ ]mckv]cyt¯msS {]hÀ¯n¨p. AXpsImvXs¶bmhWw ]n¶oSv h¶ bp.]n.F. `cWw tUm. Iemans\ cmjv{S]Xnbm¡m³ hnk½Xn¨Xpw KpW\NnÓan«psImSp¯nS¯v Is¿m¸nSp¶ Bsf XXvØm\¯v Ahtcm[n¨Xpw. ASÂ_nlmcn hmPvt]bn A[nImctaätijw BZyambn FSp¯ \S]Sn, 1951 `mcXob P\kwL¯nsâ \be£y {]Jym]\¯n FSp¯p]dªhn[w BWhiànbmWv `mcXsa¶v temIs¯ t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶p. P\kwL¯nsâbpw, ]n¶oSv _n.sP.]n.bpsSbpw sXcsªSp¸v hmKvZm\§fn F¶pw AXpÄs¡mÅn¨ncp¶p. 1974 s]mJcm\nÂ, A¶s¯ {][m\a{´n CµncmKmÔnbpsS \nÀtZi{]Imcw BWh]co£Ww \S¯nsb¦nepw, Atacn¡bpsSbpw, aäp ]mÝmXyiànIfptSbpw D]tcm[`ojWn¡p hg§n XpSÀ¶pÅ KthjW§fpw kam[m\mhiy§Ä¡mbpÅ \S]SnIÄ t]mepw \nÀ¯nsh¡pIbmbncp¶p. 1998se s]mJcm³ ]co£W§Ä \S¯nb coXn hmPvt]bnbpsS \bX{´¯nsâ aIptSmZmlcWambncp¶p. At±lw Xs¶ ]co£Whnhcw Hcp ]{Xkt½f\¯n {]Jym]n¡p¶Xphsc AXnsâ hnZqckqN\t]mepw e`n¡m¯ Atacn¡sbt¸mepÅ h³iànIÄ A£cmÀ°¯n \Sp§nt¸mbn. `mcX¯nse ssk\nI \o¡§Ä kZm \nco£n¡p¶ Nmc D]{Kl§fpsS Iymadm¡®pIsf I_fn¸n¨psImv ]co£Ww \S¯nbXnsâ ta· ssk\nIcmjv{Sob t\XrXz¯n\hImis¸Smw. cmjv{S]Xn sI.BÀ. \mcmbWs\bpw, {]Xn]£t\Xmhns\bpw, a{´nk`mwK§sfbpw Hcp aWn¡qÀ ap¼pXs¶ hnhcadnbn¨ncp¶p. a{´n k`bpsS AwKoImchpw At±lw t\Sn. {]Xo£n¨Xpt]mse h³InS temIcmPy§sfÃmw `mcX¯ns\Xnsc IÀi\amb D]tcm[§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯n. Bbnc¡W¡n\v `mcXob tPmen¡mÀ¡v cmPyt¯¡paSt§nh¶p. ]t£ hmPvt]bn AXn Ipep§nbnÃ. Xsâ hnizkvXcmb {]Xn\n[nIsf temIXeØm\§fntebv¡b¨v \bX{´_豈 XIcmsX t\m¡n. ]t£ At±l¯nsâ amÌÀ kvt{Sm¡v F¶p ]dbmhp¶ \S]Sn hntZi¯p Pohn¡p¶ `mcXob kaqlt¯mSp \S¯nb Blzm\ambncp¶p. D]tcm[w krjvSn¨ km¼¯nI {]XnkÔnsb t\cnSm³ At±lw AhcpsS km¼¯nI klmbw A`yÀ°n¨p. Hcpamk¯n\Iw AhÀ 16000 tImSn tUmfÀ \ÂIns¡mv hmPvt]bn kÀ¡mdnepÅ X§fpsS hnizmkw F{XIv Dd¨XmWv F¶p sXfnbn¨p. KXmKXw, sshZypXn, PetkN\w XpS§nb ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä hnIkn¸n¡p¶Xn\v B \n[n D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\mWv At±lw Xp\nªXv. temIs¯ Gähpw anI¨ Xc¯nepÅ cmPhoYnIfpsS irwJe \nÀ½n¡m³ At±lw kÀ¡mcnt\mSmhiys¸«p. `mcX¯nse 6 e£w {Kma§fnte¡pw, FÃm ImemhØbnepw D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ tdmUpIÄ \nÀ½n¡p¶Xn\pw, FÃmhÀ¡pw IpSnshÅhpw sshZypXnbpw \ÂIp¶Xn\pw hn]peamb hkXn\nÀ½mW¯n\pw At±lw XpS¡w Ipdn¨p. `£y[m\y§Ä kpe`am¡m³ Irjn hnIk\¯n\v FSp¯ \S]SnIÄ {KmaoWtaJebn {Ibtijn hÀ²n¸n¨p. 1998 Zmcn{ZytcJbv¡p Iosg 40 iXam\w P\§fmWpmbncp¶sX¦n 2004 AXv 16 iXam\ambn Xmgv¶p. Ct¸mÄ Bkq{XW¡½oj³ D]m²y£³ samtIvknwKv Aephmenb 26 cq] {]XnZn\ hcpam\apÅhsct¸mepw tcJbv¡p apIfnem¡nbXpt]mse Bbncp¶nà AXv. s]mJvcm³ (2) ]co£W¯n\ptijw `mcX¯n\pta k½À±w sNep¯m³ Atacn¡³ {]knUmbncp¶ _n¢n⬠]Tn¨]Wnsbms¡ t\m¡n. sFIycmjv{S s]mXpk`bn kwkmcn¡m³ hmPvt]bn \yqtbmÀ¡n t]mbt¸mÄ, {]knUv At±ls¯ kw`mjW¯n\p £Wn¨p. £Ww hmPvt]bn \nckn¨p. Ccphcpw hn{ian¨Xv Htcm tlm«enembncp¶n«pw A§ns\ sNbvXXv {]knUnsâ apJt¯ä ASnt]msebmbn. Atacn¡³ {]knUnsâ £Ww \nckn¡m³ AXn\papt¼m ]nt¼m Hcp `mcX {][m\a{´nbpw ss[cyw Im«nbn«nÃ. hmPvt]bnbpsS Dd¨ \ne]mSn\pap¼n {ItaW {]knUv ¢nâWv hgt§nh¶p. D]tcm[§Ä Hs¶m¶mbn ]n³hen¨p. ¢nâWpw `mcy lnemcnbpw `mcX¯n kulrZkµÀi\w \S¯n. cmPØm\nse alnfIÄ \S¯p¶ kzm{ibkwL§fpsS Iq«mbvabn ]s¦Sp¯p. `mcX¯ns\ AIän\nÀ¯p¶Xns\¡mÄ AhÀ¡p \ÃXv kulrZ¯n IgnbpIbmsW¶v Ahsc t_m[ys¸Sp¯n. Atacn¡bn ØncXmakam¡nbhcpw tPmen sNbvXp Ignbp¶hcpamb e£¡W¡n\p `mcXobcpsS IÀ½tijnsbbpw, [\tijnsbbpw `mcX¯nsâ \·bv¡mbn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v am{XaÃ, Atacn¡³ sk\änepw, tIm¬{KÊnepw, `cWXe¯nepw kzm[o\n¡p¶Xn\pw At±lw {i²n¨p. bp.F³. kµÀi\thfbnepw, aähkc§fnepw AhcpsS h¼n¨ Iq«mbvaIÄ kwLSn¸n¨p, Ahsc At±lw A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp. At±lahnsS kwL]cnhmÀ kwLSn¸n¡pIbmsW¶v Bt£]n¨v Nne {InkvXy³, apÉow {]Øm\§Ä hmPvt]bns¡Xnsc {]IS\§Ä \S¯pIt]mepw sNbvXp. Xm\pw Hcp kzbwtkhI\msW¶v A¯cw Hcp Iq«mbvabn At±lw ]dªp. AXns\Xnscbpw CSXp]£§fpw sZmssjIZr¡pIfmb am[ya¡mcpw tImemleapm¡n. kzbwtkhIs\¶m `mcX¯nsâ \·bv¡mbn kzbwt{]cWtbmsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶h³ F¶mWÀ°sa¶pw FÃmhcpw A§ns\bmIWsa¶pw hmPvt]bn AXn\p hniZoIcWw \ÂIn. AsX hmPvt]bn BZyambpw Ahkm\ambpw kzbwtkhI\mWv. A¡mcyw Øm\¯pw AØm\¯pw hnfn¨p]dªp \S¡p¶Xv At±l¯nsâ kzm`mhasöpam{Xw. At±l¯nsâ s]mXpPohnXw Bcw`n¡p¶XpXs¶ 1941 kwLimJbn t]mIp¶tXmsSbmWv. 1986 HIvtSm_À amk¯nse tIcf]cyS\¯n\nsS XrÈnht]cqcn \S¶ {]hÀ¯I kt½f\¯n A²y£³ sNbvX Nne ]cmaÀi§fn hmPvt]bnbpsS kzbwtkhIXzs¯ kwibn¡p¶ Nne ]cmaÀi§Ä h¶p. {]kwK¯n At±lw AXns\ ]cmaÀin¨nsænepw Xm³ kwL¯n tNcm\nSbmb kmlNcy§Ä hnhcn¡pIbpmbn. 1941 Xm³ Kzmfnbdnse hnIvtSmdnbm tImtfPnbäv sslkv¡qfn ]Tn¡p¶ Ime¯p ASp¯pÅ BcyIpamÀ k`bn RmbdmgvNIfn {]`mjW§fpw {]hN\§fpw tIÄ¡m³ t]mImdpmbncps¶¶pw AhnsS hcmdpmbncp¶ \mcmbW³ {]kmZv `mÀKhbmWv Xs¶ imJbn sImpt]mbsX¶pw At±lw ]dªp. \mcmb¬dmhp XoÀtY Bbncp¶p A¶v Kzmfnbdn {]NmcIv. 1941 H¶mw hÀj kwLin£mhÀKn ]s¦Sp¡m³ ASÂ_nlmcn \mKv]qcn t]mbn. XpSÀ¶v \bm_kmÀ imJbpsS apJyin£Ipw, _u²nIv {]apJpw Bbn. sNdp¸¯n Xs¶ B _me\n sam«n« IhnXmhmk\bv¡v kvL¯n \n¶v kzoIcn¨ tZiobt_m[hpw, XymKat\m`mhhpw hfambn¯oÀ¶p. tImtfPnse CâÀXe¯nse¯nbt¸mtg¡pw H¶m´cw `mh\nÀ`camb IhnXIÄ FgpXn¯pS§n. 1942 eJv\uhnse ImfnNc¬ sslkv¡qfnembncp¶p cmwhÀj ]cnioe\w t\SnbXv. ChnsS ASÂ_nlmcn ""lnµpX\a\ lnµpPoh\, cKcKlnµptacm ]cnNb F¶v C¶pw BthiIcamb Xsâ IhnX BZyambn ]mcmbWw sNbvXp. AXptI«v {ioKpcpPn B bphmhns\ A`n\µn¨p. sslµh Kcnasbbpw A`nam\t¯bpw C{Xtbsd DZvtLmjn¡p¶ Cu IhnX 70 hÀj§Ä¡ptijhpw `mcXsa§pw apJcnXamIp¶p. ASÂPnbpsS 70þmw P·Zn\¯n I¡¯bn \S¯s¸« A`n\µ\kZÊn kÀkwLNmeIv ]qP\ob cÖp`¿bS¡w \qdpIW¡n\v kap¶XÀ ]s¦Sp¯p. AhnSps¯ {][m\ C\w ASÂPnbpsS kz´w IhnXmem]\ambncp¶p. ""lnµpX\a\lnµpPoh\ Xs¶bmbncp¶p AhnsS Gähpw {i²bmIÀjn¨ C\w. 1944 At±lw XrXob hÀjin£Whpw ]qÀ¯nbm¡n. XpS¡¯n s]mXpthZnIfn {]kwKn¡p¶Xn eÖmephmbncps¶¦nepw {ItaW ASÂ_nlmcn H¶m´cw {]`mjI\mbn. cmP\oXnbpw lnµnkmlnXyhpsaSp¯mWv hnZym`ymkw ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbXv. AXn\memhWw At±l¯nsâ {]`mjW§Ä AXnat\mlcambn¯oÀ¶Xv. Aelm_mZv kÀÆIemimebn \S¶ Hcp hnhmZkZÊn H¶mw k½m\w t\Sn At±lw FÃmhscbpw hnkvabn¸n¨p Ifªp. Im³]qcn \n¶v Fw.F. ]mÊmbtijw Zo\ZbmÂPnbpsSbpw, `mhpdmhpPnbpsSbpw k¼À¡¯nsâ kzm[o\¯n ASÂ_nlmcn {]NmcI\mbn. eJv\uhnse¯nbt¸mÄ, AhnsS ]n.F¨v.Un. sN¿Wsa¶ Dt±ihpapmbncp¶t{X. F¶m kwL`qXw Xebn IbdnbtXmsS AsXÃmw ad¶p. A³]Xp hÀj§Ä¡ptijw eJv\u kÀÆIemime Hcp hntijm _ncpZZm\ kt½f\¯n At±l¯n\v UmIvSd _ncpZw \ÂIn. ]t£ Hcn¡epw AXt±lw D]tbmKn¨nÃ. lnµnbn Hcp amknI Bcw`n¡Wsa¶ Bibw D¯À{]tZiv {]m´{]NmcI\mbncp¶ `mhpdmhptZhdkn A¦pcn¨t¸m AXnsâ NpaXe Zo\ZbmÂPnsbbpw ASÂPnsbbpamWv {io KpcpPnbpsS AwKoImct¯msS G¸n¨Xv. A§ns\ cmjv{S[À½amknIbv¡p XpS¡ambn. DÅS¡¯nepw kwhn[m\¯nepw D¶X\nehmcw ]peÀ¯nb cmjv{S[Àa C¶pw {]ikvXambn \S¶phcp¶pv. 1949 ]m©P\yhmcnIbpw Bcw`n¨p. Zo\ZbmÂPntbmsSm¸w ASÂPnbpw AXnsâ {]hÀ¯\¯n apgpIn. ]{X\nÀ½mW¯nsâ Hmtcm `mKhpw kzbw sNbvXp ]cnioen¡m³ Cubhkc¯n km[n¨p. It¼mknwKpw, {]q^vhmb\bpw, A¨Snbpw, A{UÊv Fgp¯pw, ]m¡n§pw, t]mÌn§psams¡ Zo\ZbmÂPnbpw, Xm\pw kl{]hÀ¯Icpw tNÀ¶p \S¯nbXnsâ hnImc\nÀ`camb A\pkvacWw 1998 ]m©P\ybpsS kphÀ®Pb´n kt½f\w UÂlnbn \S¶t¸mÄ {][m\a{´n hmPvt]bn \S¯pIbpmbn. P·`qan kµÀin¨t¸mgpw At±lw A¡mcyw A\pkvacn¨p kwkmcn¨p. Fgp¯nepw, {]`mjW¯nepw Npcp§nb kabwsImv AZznXob Øm\w ASÂPn ssIhcn¨p. kl{]hÀ¯ItcmSpÅ s]cpamä¯nse kmcfyhpw am[pcyhpw At±ls¯ FÃmhÀ¡pw {]nb¦c\m¡n. 1951 `mcXob P\kwL¯nsâ cq]oIcWkab¯v GXm\pw \njvTmhm·mcmb kzbwtkhIcpsS tkh\w AXn\mbn {ioKpcpPn \ÂInbt¸mÄ Zo\ZbmÂPntbmsSm¸w ASÂPnbpw AhcnÂs¸«p. tUm. iyma{]kmZv apJÀPnbmbncp¶p P\kwLcq]oIcW¯n\v ap³ssIsbSp¯Xv. A¶s¯ s\lvdpa{´nk`bnse Gähpw {]KÛ\mbncp¶p lnµpalmk`m²y£³ tUm. apJÀPn. ]qÀh_wKmfnse lnµp¡fpsS PohnXw B]¯nem¡m³ CShcp¯nb s\lvdpþ^ntdmkvJm³ \q¬ Icmdn {]Xntj[n¨v 1950 At±lw a{´nØm\w hens¨dnªp {]Xn]£t¯¡ph¶p. 1952 H¶mas¯ s]mXpsXcsªSp¸p kao]n¨t¸mÄ tIm¬{KÊnsâ apÉow{]oW\s¯bpw, tZiobXmsshapJys¯bpw P\mb¯ \ntj[s¯bpw CjvSs¸Sm¯hcpsS Bibm`nemj§Ä {]ISn¸n¡p¶ ]pXnsbmcp cmjv{Sob {]Øm\¯n\v cq]w \ÂIm³ apJÀPn ap³ssIsbSp¡pIbpw AXn\v kwL¯nsâ klIcWw A`yÀ°n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \nch[n NÀ¨IÄ¡p tijw GXm\pw {]apJ kwL{]hÀ¯Isc C¡mcy¯n tUm. apJÀPn¡v klmb¯n\mbn {io KpcpPn \ntbmKn¨p. AhcpsS \mbI\mbncp¶p Zo\ZbmÂPn. ]n¶oSv tZiobt\Xm¡fmbn DbÀ¶ ASÂ_nlmcnhmPvt]bn, FÂ.sI. AUzm\n, Ipim`mhp Tm¡td, ss`c¬knwKv tjJmhXv, \m\mPn tZivapJv, kpµÀknwKv `Þmcn, PK¶mYdmhp tPmjn apXembhÀ B Iq«¯n s]Sp¶p. 1953 Imivaocnsâ `mcXeb\w ]qÀWam¡m³thn \S¶ kXy{Kl¯n ]s¦Sp¯v s]Àanäp IqSmsX kwØm\¯p IS¶ tUm. apJÀPn Zpcql kmlNcy¯n acWaSªp. ]pXnb ]mÀ«nbmb `mcXob P\kwL¯n\v BZy sXcsªSp¸n¯s¶ tZiob I£nsb¶ Øm\w e`n¨p. hmPvt]bvbmbncp¶p tUm. apJÀPnbpsS kn{I«dnØm\w hln¨Xv. ]n¶oSv P\kwL¯nsâ {]NcW¯n\pw, ]mÀesaânse {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡papÅ NpaXe Zo\ZbmÂPn hmPvt]bn¡p \ÂIn. 1957 BZyambn temIk`bnte¡p sXcsªSp¡s¸«Xp apX 2011 hsc temIvk`bntem, cmPyk`bntem AwKsa¶ \nebv¡p At±lw B NpaXe \nÀÆln¨p h¶p. ]mÀesaâwKsa¶ \nebv¡v Ac\qämpImew Gähpw anI¨coXnbn {]hÀ¯n¨bmfmbncp¶p hmPvt]bn. Xsâ I¶n{]`mjWw sImpXs¶ k`bpsS apgph³ {i²bpw A`n\µ\hpw ]nSn¨p]äm³ At±l¯n\p Ignªp. {][m\a{´n PhmlÀem s\lvdphnsâ hntZi\b¯nsâ KpWtZmj hnNn´\¯nÂ, AXp cmPy¯nsâ BtKmf {]Xn_nw_s¯ F{X a§te¸n¨ncn¡p¶psh¶t±lw F{Xbpw hmNmeambn kaÀ°n¨p. C¡mcy¯n Zo\ZbmÂPnbpsS amÀKZÀi\hpw, Bhiyamb tcJIfpw, ]Ým¯ehnhc§fpw e`yam¡nb AUzm\nPnbpsS klmbhpw At±l¯n\v DXIn. cmPØm\n kwL{]NmcI\mbncns¡, P\kwL{]hÀ¯\¯n ASÂPnsb klmbn¡m³ 1952 \nbpà\mb AUzm\nbpw, ss`c¬knwKv tjJmh¯pw tNÀ¶ aqÀ¯n{Xbw 50 hÀjs¯ A`wKpcamb kltbmK¯neqsS cmPy¯nsâ `cW`mKt[bw \nb{´n¡p¶hcmb tijamWv IÀacwK¯p hn{ian¨Xv. AUzm\nPn ]mÀesaâv {]hÀ¯\§fn k`mwK§sf klmbn¡m\mbn XeØm\s¯¯n. temIk`bnse I¶n{]kwKw Ignªt¸mÄ A¶s¯ {][m\a{´n PhlÀem s\lvdp Xs¶ ASÂPnsb hnfn¨v lrZbwKaamb A`n\µ\§Ä Adnbn¨p. tUm. iyma{]kmZv apJÀPnbpsS thÀ]mSpaqew Hgnhmbn¡nS¶ CSt¯¡mWv ASÂPnbpsS i_vZsa¯nbXv. CSapdnbm¯ ]Z{]hml¯neqsS t{imXm¡sf A¼c¸n¡p¶Xà ASÂPnbpsS {]`mjWcoXn. CSbv¡nsSbpÅ hncma§Ä þ IqSpX hmNme§fpamWv. \À½hpw ]cnlmkhpw D¶Xamb \nehmc¯nepÅXpw AÀ°KÀ`hpambncn¡pw, AXy´w BtemN\marX§fpw. Ncn{X¯nepw kmlnXy¯nepw kwkvIrXnbnepw cmP\oXnbnepapÅ At±l¯nsâ AKm[amb AhKmlw Ahbn \ngen¡p¶pv. \qdntesdt¸À¡v Pohlm\n kw`hn¨ Hcp Xohnb]ISs¯¡pdn¨v k`bn \S¶ NÀ¨bn ""C\n Xohnbm{Xbv¡v Sn¡säSp¯v ]pds¸«m PK¯nt\mSpw Poht\mSpw bm{X]dªv dmw dmw P]n¡pItb \nhr¯nbpÅq F¶v ]dªt¸mÄ sdbnÂa{´n PKÖoh³dmansâ apJs¯ càw CÃmXmbn. Nncn¡m³ \nhr¯nbnÃmsX k`mwK§Ä Ipg§n. "Travel by Air India and see the World" (FbÀ C´ybn bm{XsNbvXp temIwImWq)F¶ FbÀ C´ybpsS ]ckyw CXpt]msemcp NÀ¨¡nsS ASÂPnbpsS ]cmaÀihnjbambn. t_mws_bv¡Sp¯v Hcp Pwt_mPäv hnam\w ISen hoWv 300tesd t]À acn¨Xns\¯pSÀ¶mbncp¶p NÀ¨. "Travel by Air India and see the Other World" (FbÀ C´ybn bm{XsNbvXv At§temIw ImWq) F¶m¡Ww ]ckyhmNIw F¶v ASÂPn ]dªp. ]mSv\bn P\kwL¯nsâ AJne`mcX kt½f\w \S¡pIbmbncp¶p. 1970emWv kw`hw. A²y£{]kwK¯nsâ A¨Sn¨ tIm¸nbnse Hcp ]niIv Nqn¡m«ns¡mv ""blv ap{Zmcm£kv ssl F¶v ASÂPn ]dªp. "{]ntâgvkv sUhnfn sâ X\n¯ÀÖabmWtÃm AXv. {]mNo\ aK[cmPy¯nsâ XeØm\amb ]mSeo]p{X¯nse AamXycm£k\pw, NmWIy\pw \µcmPmhpapÄs¸Sp¶ hnimJZ¯sâ ap{Zmcm£ksa¶ \mSIs¯bpw B ]cmaÀi¯neqsS ASÂPn kqNn¸n¨p. cmjv{SPohnX¯nsâ kÀÆaÞe§fnepw kwL¯nsâ {]`mhw hym]n¸n¡pIbmWv kzbwtkhIsâ NpaXesb¶v ]qP\ob tUmIvSÀPnbpw KpcpPnbpw HmÀ½n¸n¡mdpmbncp¶p. cmP\oXncwK¯v \ne\n¡p¶ ]mÝmXy k{¼Zmb§fmb tkmjyenk¯nsâbpw I½yqWnk¯nsâbpw apXemfn¯¯nsâbpw ]mÀesaâv k{¼Zmb¯nsâbpw AÔamb A\pIcWaÃ, `mcX¯nsâ Ncn{X¯n\pw ]mc¼cy¯n\pw PohnXbmYmÀ°y¯n\pw A\ptbmPyamb \qX\amsbmcp coXnbmWhew_nt¡sX¶pw Nn´n¨ Zo\ZbmÂPnbpw tTwKvUnPnbpw aäpw tNÀ¶p hfsc \mfs¯ ]T\a\\§Ä \S¯n GImßam\hZÀi\w BhnjvIcn¨p. P\mb¯¯nsâ kpKaamb \S¯n¸n\mhiyamb FÃm Nn«h«§fpw ]men¡p¶Xn\v Zo\ZbmÂPnbpw ASÂPnbpw aäpw hfsc \njvIÀjn¨ncp¶p. Ir{Xnaamb `mcXhn`P\w Ahkm\n¡psa¶v AhÀ BßmÀ°ambn hnizkn¨p. tkmjyenÌv t\Xmhmbncp¶ tUm. cmwat\mlÀ temlysbbpw Xsâ Nn´bpambn ASp¸n¡m³ Zo\ZbmÂPn¡p Ignªp. `mcXhpw ]m¡nØm\pw tNÀ¶v Hcp tIm¬s^Utdj\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡Wsa¶v Ahcncphcpw tNÀ¶v kwbpà {]kvXmh\bnd¡n. `mcXhpw ]m¡nØm\pw tNÀ¶v `cW]cambpw cmjv{SobambpapÅ GIX Øm]n¡embncp¶nà AhcpsS e£yw. P\XIÄ ASp¯phcm\pw Bbnc¡W¡n\p hÀj§fmbn \ne\n¶ph¶ kmwkvImcnI _豈 apdnªpt]mImsX t\m¡pIbpambncp¶p. hmPvt]bnbpsS a\Ênepw AtX Nn´IÄ \ne\n¶ncp¶psh¶p \ap¡p ImWmw. 1977 At±lw P\Xma{´nk`bnse hntZia{´nbmbncp¶tÃm. 1947se hn`P\s¯ XpSÀ¶p X§fptSXÃm¯ IpäwsImv AXnÀ¯n¡ncp]pd¯pambn s]«pt]mb Bbnc¡W¡n\mfpIÄ 30 hÀjambn kzP\§fpambn _Ôs¸Sm\mImsX Ignbp¶pmbncp¶p. Ahcn lnµp¡fpw apÉo§fpapv. apÉo§Ä IqSpXembncp¶psh¶pam{Xw. hntZiImcya{´nsb¶ \nebv¡v hmPvt]bn ap³Is¿Sp¯v ]mIvA[nIrXcpambn NÀ¨sNbvXv A¯cw BfpIÄ¡v _Ôp¡sf ImWm³ kuIcyapm¡n. ae_mdnse, hninjy ae¸pdw PnÃbnse Bbnc¡W¡n\v apÉow IpSpw_§Ä¡v AXv Bizmkw \ÂIn. P\Xma{´nk`bpsS XIÀ¨bv¡ptijw _n.sP.]n. A[y£\mbn¯oÀ¶ At±l¯nsâ tIcf ]cyS\thfbn At±ls¯ t\cn ImWm³ kuIcyw In«nb \qdpIW¡n\v apÉow kv{Xo]pcpj·mÀ kt´mjm{ip¡tfmsS h¶ncp¶p. ae¸pdw \Kck` {]tXyIambn At±ls¯ A`n\µn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. {][m\a{´nbmbncp¶t¸mÄ `mcX ]mIv _Ôw sa¨s¸Sp¯m³ ASÂPn \S¯nb ]cn{ia§Ä temI{i² ]nSn¨p]änbtÃm. emtlmÀ _kv bm{X DWÀ¯nb {]XymiIsf AhnSs¯ ssk\nIt\XrXzw ImÀKn bp²¯n sImpt]mbn XIÀ¯t¸mÄ, B KqV\o¡s¯¯s¶ ASÂPnbpsS CÑmiàn Xcn¸Wam¡ns¡mSp¯p. ]n¶oSv B{Kbn D¨tImSn¡v {]knUâv P\. apjmd^ns\ £Wn¨p. AbmÄ AXns\ Xpc¦wshs¨¦nepw Iptd¡gnªp CÉmam_mZn sN¶p Xs¶ kw`mjWw \S¯n. Ccp cmPy§fnsebpw P\§Ä X½n hnhn[ Xe§fn s\SpsIbpw IpdpsIbpapÅ klIcWw C¶p km[yambn«ps¦n AXnsâ ]n¶n ASÂPn ap³ssIsbSp¯v XpS§nb \bX{´ {]hÀ¯\§Ä Xs¶bmWpÅXv. ]m¡nØm³ tI{µambn \S¡p¶ aXauenIhmZ Xo{hhmZ `oIc{]hÀ¯\§tfmSv "kotdm tSmftdj³ F¶ \bhpw At±l¯ntâXpXs¶bmWv. ]mÀesaâwKsa¶ \nebv¡v ASÂPn hn]peambn hntZicmPy§fn t]mIpI ]Xnhmbn. AhnS§fnse `mcXob kaqlhpambn AÀ°h¯mbn kwhZn¡m³ At±lw B Ahkc§Ä D]tbmKs¸Sp¯n. B{^n¡³ cmPy§fnepw Cw¥nepw Atacn¡bnepw aäpw [mcmfw kwLkzbwtkhIÀ ]XnämpImeambn tPmen sNbvXph¶p. AhÀ X§fpsS \nebv¡v kwL¯n \n¶v amÀ¤\nÀt±iw kzoIcn¨v Iq«mbvaIÄ Dm¡n. lnµpkzbwtkhIkwLw, `mcXobkzbwtkhIkwLw apXemb ]e t]cpIfnembn \S¶ph¶ B Iq«mbvaIfn Xsâ kµÀi\thfIfn AXnYnbmbn ]s¦Sp¯v ASÂPn Bthihpw amÀKZÀi\hpw ]IÀ¶p\ÂIpambncp¶p. AhnsS tPmen¡mbn t]mb ]ecpw {]NmcI·mcmbn¯s¶ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶papv. ASÂPntbmsSm¸w bm{XsN¿p¶Xpw hfsc B\µIcamb A\p`hamWv. At±l¯nsâ tIcf ]cyS\thfbn Nnet¸mÄ AXn\hkcw In«pambncp¶p. IqsSbpÅhÀ¡v AtemkcapmImsXbmWt±lw s]cpamdpI. 1974emsW¶p tXm¶p¶p ]me¡mSv P\kwL¯nsâ kwØm\ kt½f\¯n\v h¶ At±lw cm{Xn X§nbXv ae¼pg luknembncp¶p. hfsc Znhk§Ä Dd¡anf¨p £oWn¨v Rm\pw AhnsSsb¯n InS¶pd§nt¸mbn. cmhnse At±lt¯msSm¸w AWs¡«pw ]cnkc§fpw ImWm³ Cd§Wsa¶p hnNmcn¨ncp¶p. At±lamIs« ]peÀs¨ DWÀ¶p Ipfnbpw aäpw Ignªv Fs¶ hnfn¡msXXs¶ Npän\S¡m\nd§n. Xncn¨phcp¶ hgnbmWv Rm³ IXv. hÃmsX PmfyX tXm¶nb Fs¶ At±lw Bizkn¸n¡pIbmbncp¶p. AhnsS\n¶p tImb¼¯qÀ hnam\¯mhf¯nte¡p t]mIpwhgn hmfbmdneqsS t]mbt¸mÄ ChnsSbmtWm chnbpsS Øew F¶t\zjn¨p. AXp hbemdmWv hmfbmdà F¶v ]dªpsImSp¯p. hbemÀ chn ]mÀesaânse {]Xymi \ÂIp¶ AwKamsW¶mbncp¶p ASÂPn ]dªXv. _n.sP.]n. A²y£s\¶ \nebv¡v BZys¯ tIcf ]cyS\w ImkdtKmUv XpS§n Xncph\´]pcw hscbmbncp¶p. Ccphi¯pw [mcmfw BfpIÄ A`nhmZyaÀ¸n¡m³ AWn\nc¶p. AhnsSsbms¡ ImÀ \nÀ¯n ssIhoinbmWv t]mbXv. hmfIw F¶ Øe¯v KWthjw [cn¨v GXmv 20þ25 t]À [zPhpambn \n¶ncp¶p. ImÀ F¯nbt¸mÄ AhÀ {]Wmw sNbvXp. CXv ]pXnb imJbmbncn¡pw. AhÀ ]Xnhmbn t]mIp¶hcpamhnà F¶t±lw A`n{]mbw ]dªp. F\n¡p IpS sImp\S¡p¶ ioeapv. 1971 NÞnKVn P\kwL¯nsâ {]Xn\n[nk`mtbmK¯n¶nsS iàamb ag s]bvXp. th\ensâ XpS¡ambXn\m AXv AImehÀjambn. tbmKØeamb ]©mb¯v `h\n \n¶v t\Xm¡fpsS XmakØet¯¡p t]mIm³ ASÂPn¡pw aäpw Fsâ IpS thnh¶p. ]n¶oSv Hchkc¯n It¸mgpw I¿n IpSIv IpSbpambmWtà hchv F¶t\zjn¨p. 1993 kzman hnthIm\µsâ `mcX]cn{IaW iXhmÀjnIt¯mS\p_Ôn¨v tUm. e£vaoIpamcn \S¯nb ]cn{IaWw FdWmIpfs¯¯nbt¸mÄ hnZym`h³ lmfn kzoIcWapmbn. kwØm\ KhÀWdmbncp¶p apJymXnYn. ]cn]mSn Ignªp \µn]dª BÄ, ]s¦Sp¯hcpsS Iq«¯n ASÂPnbpaps¶p ]dªv \µn{]Imin¸n¨t¸mgmWv kZkyÀ ImcyadnªXv. ]mÀesaânsâ ]n.F.kn. tbmK¯n\p h¶Xmbncp¶p At±lw. C¯cw Hcp NS§v \S¡p¶ hnhcw bmZrÑnIambn Adnªt¸mÄ AXn ]s¦Sp¡m³ XnSp¡¯n F¯nbXmbncp¶p. \nÈ_vZ\mbn lmfn Ibdn ]n¶n Hcp Itkcbn Ccp¶p. CXpt]mse asämchkc¯n _n.sP.]n. D]m²y£³ hn.F. dlnam³ Ahi\nebn Bip]{Xnbn InS¡p¶ hnhcadnªv ASÂPn At±ls¯ ImWms\¯n. kwkmcn¡m³ t]mepw h¿m¯ AhØbnembncp¶p dlnam³. Atbm²ybnse IÀtkhbn ]s¦Sp¡m³ X¿msdSp¡p¶ Ahkc¯nemWv BtcmKyw hjfmbXv. B kab¯v apXnÀ¶ {]NmcI³ kqcy\mcmbWdmhpPn Hc]IS¯n ]cnt¡äv knän tlmkv]näen InS¡p¶pmbncp¶p. X§Ä Hcpan¨p XrXobhÀj in£Ww IgnªhcmsW¶v ASÂPn ]dªp. Bip]{Xnbn Ccphcpw Ip kwkmcn¨ cwKw I®ocWnbn¡p¶Xmbncp¶p. Ac\qämntesd \o ]cnNbw a\ÊneqsS t]mbn¡mWWw. ""tZtJm ASÂPn tacm ssIkn lm tlm Kbo F¶p ]dªv BtÇjn¡m³ Bªp. kqcy\mcmb¬dmhpPn¡v B BLmX¯n \n¶p ]qÀ®hnapàn t\Sm\mbnsænepw, kz´w CÑmiànbpsS Icp¯paqew C¶pw {]hÀ¯\\ncX\mWv. `mcX¯nsâ `cW`mj tI{µ¯n lnµnbpw kwØm\§fn AXXv `mjIfpambncn¡Wsa¶ `cWLS\mhyhØ]men¡s¸SWsa¶v ASÂPn BßmÀ°ambn A`nejn¨p. FÃm `mcXob `mjIfpw tZiob `mjIfmsW¶v Xs¶ At±lw \ne]msSSp¯p. hntZi cmPy§fpambn NÀ¨IÄ \S¡pt¼mÄ \mw tImf\nhmgvNbpsS `mjbmb Cw¥ojà kz´w `mjbmb lnµnXs¶ D]tbmKn¡Wsa¶pw ASÂPn \njvIÀjn¨p. 1977 hntZia{´nbmbncp¶t¸mÄ apX sFIycmjv{Sk`bn At±lw lnµnbn Xs¶bmWv {]`mjWw \S¯nbXv. FÃm hntZi`mjIfpw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶hÀ \ap¡pmhWsa¶v At±lw \njvIÀjn¨p. emtlmÀ _kv bm{Xmthfbn emtlmÀ tIm«bn At±l¯n\v AhnSs¯ {][m\a{´n \hmkv sjco^v \ÂInb hncp¶n ASÂPn D]Nmc{]kwKw DdpZphn sNbvXv Ahsc hnkvabn¸n¨p. P\kwL¯nsâbpw ]n¶oSv _n.sP.]nbpsSbpw tZiob kt½f\§fn Hmtcm kwØm\¡mcpw lnµn Adnbnsæn kz´w `mjbn kwkmcn¡m³ ASÂPn \njvIÀjn¡pambncp¶p. AXn\p lnµnbn hnhÀ¯\w \ÂIm³ hyhØ sN¿m³ At±lw kwØm\ t\Xm¡tfmSv Bhiys¸«p. 1964 DÖbn\nbn \S¶ P\kwLw {]Xn\n[nk`bn Hcp tIcf {]Xn\n[n B \nÀt±i¯n AXr]vXn Im«n. hn{iathfbn At±lw tIcf {]Xn\n[nIfpsS ASp¯p h¶v kzmX{´ykac¡me¯v \qdpIW¡n\v tIcfob bphm¡Ä lnµn ]Tn¨v lnµn{]NmcI·mcmbn D¯c`mcX¯n {]hÀ¯n¨Xpw tI{µ lnµn UbdIvStdänsâ Xeh\mbn F. N{µlmk³ F¶ aebmfn {]hÀ¯n¨Xpw HmÀ½n¸n¨p. tIcf¯n At±lw {]`mjWw Bcw`n¡pI aebmf¯n A`nhmZ\w sNbvXpsImmbncn¡pw. tIcf¡mcy§fn Xsâ cmjv{Sob PohnX¯nsâ XpS¡¯n Xs¶ ASÂPn XmXv]cyw Im«nh¶p. 1965 sXcsªSp¸n\p tijw \nbak` cq]oIcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ kvXw`\mhØ h¶t¸mÄ CÃkvt{SäUv ho¡nen Hm^v C´y, ChnSs¯ {]iv\§sf¸än {]apJ t\Xm¡fpsS A`n{]mb§Ä {]kn²oIcn¨ncp¶p. ZÂlnbn tPmen tXSnsb¯nb Hcp kwLw A`ykvXhnZycmb tIcfobÀ I_fn¸n¡s¸« hmÀ¯ Nqn¡m«ns¡mv, ChnSs¯ bYmÀ° {]iv\§fnte¡p Npgnªnd§ns¡mpÅ {]uVhpw, {]mtbmKnI\nÀt±i§fS§p¶Xpamb Hcp teJ\amWt±lw FgpXnbXv, AXp \S¸m¡m³ CÑmiànbpÅ Hcp cmjv{Sob t\XrXzs¯ tIcfw kzoIcn¡Wsa¶pw At±lw Blzm\w sNbvXncp¶p. {][m\a{´nbmbncn¡pt¼mÄ ASÂPn A©p Znhks¯ hn{ia¯n\v IpacI¯p h¶p Xmakn¨Xv HmÀ¡patÃm. sX§pIrjn kap²cW¯n\v ap³KW\ \ÂIns¡mpÅ hnIk\ ]mt¡Pv IpacIw {]Jym]\w F¶ t]cn ASÂPn ]pd¯nd¡n. AXyp¯asa¶v `cW{]Xn]£§Ä k½Xn¨psh¦nepw AXp ]n´pSÀ¶p \S¸m¡m³ tI{µtam, tIcf¯n A[nImctaä kÀ¡mtdm X¿mdmbnÃ. kphÀ® NXzcsa¶ tZiob cmPhoYn irwJebn km[mcW \nebn tIcfw s]Sm¯Xv a\Ênembt¸mÄ tke¯p\n¶pw sIm¨nbnte¡v AXn\v Hcp `mKw At±lw {]Jym]n¨p. ASÂPnbpsS kÀ¡mÀ amdnbtXmsS B \nÀt±iw aµKXnbnembn. C¶pw B tdmUv XpS§nbpw apS§nbpw InS¡pIbmWv. FdWmIpf¯v AarX Bip]{Xn DZvLmS\w sNbvXv ASÂPnbmbncp¶p. ]mhs¸«hÀ¡v hoSp\ÂIm\pw, s]³j³ \ÂIm\papÅ ]²XnbmWv At±ls¯ A½bnte¡mIÀjn¨Xv. A½bpsS {]hÀ¯\§sf At±lw ÇmLn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]©m_nse kn¡v Xo{hhmZ `oIcX ^WapbÀ¯nbtXmsS \nehn h¶ kpc£m GÀ¸mSpIÄ aqew ASÂPn¡v km[mcW {]hÀ¯ItcmSv ASp¯p s]cpamdm\pÅ Ahkc§Ä {ItaW CÃmXmbnh¶p. CÉmanI `oIchmZw Xes]m¡nbtXmsS AXv Akm[yambn F¶p ]dbmw. cmjv{Stkh\]mXbn Hcp hyàn¡v F¯mhp¶ Gähpw D¶X\nebn k©cn¨v hnPb]XmI \m«m³ Ignª A]qÀh hyànXzamWv ASÂPnbptSXv. km[mcW¡mc\mbn P\n¨v, kzm[ymb¯neqsS Úm\w k¼mZn¨v kwL]Y¯neqsS k©cn¨v t{ibÊv t\Snb AS _nlmcn hmPvt]bn Unkw_À 25\v 86þmw hbÊnte¡p {]thin¡pt¼mÄ Hcp cmjv{S¯nsâ apgph³ A`n\µ\§fpw {]mÀ°\bpw H¸apmhpw. |
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